RailsでバックエンドのAPIをつくる。ついでにユーザー認証も

1
2
3

$ mkdir api
$ cd api
$ bundle init 

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

# frozen_string_literal: true

source "https://rubygems.org"

git_source(:github) {|repo_name| "https://github.com/#{repo_name}" }

gem 'rails', '~> 5.2.3'

1

$ bundle install --path vendor/bundle

1

$ bundle exec rails new . --api -B 

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

# Gemfile

# devise関連
gem 'devise'
gem 'devise_token_auth'

# CORS設定
gem 'rack-cors'

 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

# Be sure to restart your server when you modify this file.

# Avoid CORS issues when API is called from the frontend app.
# Handle Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) in order to accept cross-origin AJAX requests.

# Read more: https://github.com/cyu/rack-cors

Rails.application.config.middleware.insert_before 0, Rack::Cors do
  allow do
    origins 'example.com'

    resource '*',
      headers: :any,
      methods: [:get, :post, :put, :patch, :delete, :options, :head]
  end
end

1
2

$ bundle install
$ bundle exec rake db:create

1
2

$ bundle exec rails g devise:install
$ bundle exec rails g devise_token_auth:install User auth

 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56

class DeviseTokenAuthCreateUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.2]
  def change
    
    create_table(:users) do |t|
      ## Required
      t.string :provider, :null => false, :default => "email"
      t.string :uid, :null => false, :default => ""

      ## Database authenticatable
      t.string :encrypted_password, :null => false, :default => ""

      ## Recoverable
      t.string   :reset_password_token
      t.datetime :reset_password_sent_at
      t.boolean  :allow_password_change, :default => false

      ## Rememberable
      t.datetime :remember_created_at

      ## Trackable
      t.integer  :sign_in_count, default: 0, null: false
      t.datetime :current_sign_in_at
      t.datetime :last_sign_in_at
      t.string   :current_sign_in_ip
      t.string   :last_sign_in_ip

      ## Confirmable
      t.string   :confirmation_token
      t.datetime :confirmed_at
      t.datetime :confirmation_sent_at
      t.string   :unconfirmed_email # Only if using reconfirmable

      ## Lockable
      # t.integer  :failed_attempts, :default => 0, :null => false # Only if lock strategy is :failed_attempts
      # t.string   :unlock_token # Only if unlock strategy is :email or :both
      # t.datetime :locked_at

      ## User Info
      t.string :name
      t.string :nickname
      t.string :image
      t.string :email

      ## Tokens
      t.text :tokens

      t.timestamps
    end

    add_index :users, :email,                unique: true
    add_index :users, [:uid, :provider],     unique: true
    add_index :users, :reset_password_token, unique: true
    add_index :users, :confirmation_token,   unique: true
    # add_index :users, :unlock_token,       unique: true
  end
end

 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57

# config/initializers/devise_token_auth.rb

# frozen_string_literal: true

DeviseTokenAuth.setup do |config|
  # By default the authorization headers will change after each request. The
  # client is responsible for keeping track of the changing tokens. Change
  # this to false to prevent the Authorization header from changing after
  # each request.
  config.change_headers_on_each_request = false

  # By default, users will need to re-authenticate after 2 weeks. This setting
  # determines how long tokens will remain valid after they are issued.
  config.token_lifespan = 2.weeks

  # Limiting the token_cost to just 4 in testing will increase the performance of
  # your test suite dramatically. The possible cost value is within range from 4
  # to 31. It is recommended to not use a value more than 10 in other environments.
  config.token_cost = Rails.env.test? ? 4 : 10

  # Sets the max number of concurrent devices per user, which is 10 by default.
  # After this limit is reached, the oldest tokens will be removed.
  # config.max_number_of_devices = 10

  # Sometimes it's necessary to make several requests to the API at the same
  # time. In this case, each request in the batch will need to share the same
  # auth token. This setting determines how far apart the requests can be while
  # still using the same auth token.
  # config.batch_request_buffer_throttle = 5.seconds

  # This route will be the prefix for all oauth2 redirect callbacks. For
  # example, using the default '/omniauth', the github oauth2 provider will
  # redirect successful authentications to '/omniauth/github/callback'
  # config.omniauth_prefix = "/omniauth"

  # By default sending current password is not needed for the password update.
  # Uncomment to enforce current_password param to be checked before all
  # attribute updates. Set it to :password if you want it to be checked only if
  # password is updated.
  # config.check_current_password_before_update = :attributes

  # By default we will use callbacks for single omniauth.
  # It depends on fields like email, provider and uid.
  # config.default_callbacks = true

  # Makes it possible to change the headers names
  config.headers_names = {:'access-token' => 'access-token',
                         :'client' => 'client',
                         :'expiry' => 'expiry',
                         :'uid' => 'uid',
                         :'token-type' => 'token-type' }

  # By default, only Bearer Token authentication is implemented out of the box.
  # If, however, you wish to integrate with legacy Devise authentication, you can
  # do so by enabling this flag. NOTE: This feature is highly experimental!
  # config.enable_standard_devise_support = false
end

1
2
3
4

class ApplicationController < ActionController::API
        skip_before_action :verify_authenticity_token, if: :devise_controller?, raise: false 
        include DeviseTokenAuth::Concerns::SetUserByToken
end

1

$ curl localhost:3000/auth -X POST -d '{"email":"[email protected]", "password":"password", "password_confirmation": "password"}' -H "content-type:application/json"

1
2
3
4

irb(main):001:0> User.all
  User Load (0.5ms)  SELECT  "users".* FROM "users" LIMIT ?  [["LIMIT", 11]]
=> #<ActiveRecord::Relation [#<User id: 1, provider: "email", uid: "[email protected]", allow_password_change: false, name: nil, nickname: nil, image: nil, email: "[email protected]", created_at:
 "2019-09-02 01:17:32", updated_at: "2019-09-02 01:17:32">]>